10 research outputs found
Spectroscopy of soft modes and quantum phase transitions in coupled electron bilayers
Strongly-correlated two-dimensional electrons in coupled semiconductor
bilayers display remarkable broken symmetry many-body states under accessible
and controllable experimental conditions. In the cases of continuous quantum
phase transitions soft collective modes drive the transformations that link
distinct ground states of the electron double layers. In this paper we consider
results showing that resonant inelastic light scattering methods detect soft
collective modes of the double layers and probe their evolution with
temperature and magnetic field. The light scattering experiments offer venues
of research of fundamental interactions and continuous quantum phase
transitions in low-dimensional electron liquids.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Counting molecular-beam grown graphene layers
Copyright © 2013 American Institute of PhysicsWe have used the ratio of the integrated intensity of graphene's Raman G peak to that of the silicon substrate's first-order optical phonon peak, accurately to determine the number of graphene layers across our molecular-beam (MB) grown graphene films. We find that these results agree well both, with those from our own exfoliated single and few-layer graphene flakes, and with the results of Koh et al. [ACS Nano 5, 269 (2011)]. We hence distinguish regions of single-, bi-, tri-, four-layer, etc., graphene, consecutively, as we scan coarsely across our MB-grown graphene. This is the first, but crucial, step to being able to grow, by such molecular-beam-techniques, a specified number of large-area graphene layers, to order.Work supported by ONR (N000140610138 and Graphene Muri), EFRC Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control (award DE-SC0001085), NSF (CHE-0641523), NYSTAR, CSIC-PIF (200950I154), Spanish CAM (Q&C Light (S2009ESP-1503), Numancia 2 (S2009/ENE-1477)), and Spanish MEC (ENE2009-14481-C02-02, TEC2011-29120-C05-04, MAT2011-26534)
MBE growth of Quantum nanostructures for optoelectronics
Ponencia presemtada en el Workshop on Frontier Photonic and Electronic Materials and Devices - German-Japanese-Spanish Joint Workshop, celebrado en Kyoto del 11 al 14 de julio de 2015.Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is a powerful technique for the fabrication of several self-assembled III-V nanostructures such as quantum rings, quantum dots, and quantum wires that can cover a wide range of the spectrum from 0.98 μm to 1.6 μm.
The possibility of performing in-situ, real-time, measurements of accumulated stress (Σσ) during growth of these nanostructures enables to achieve a deep understanding of the growth processes. For example, whereas quantum rings (QR) formation is crucially linked to the presence of liquid indium on the surface, quantum wires (QWR) are produced as an effective way of relaxing a large asymmetrical accumulated stress present on the sample.
This information allows a fine-tuning of the optoelectronic properties by controlling their size and shape. Furthermore, the capability of tracking Σσ during growth is used to engineer strain compensated structures like multilayer quantum dot solar cells.CHE-0641523, CSIC-PIF200950I154,S2009ESP-1503, S2009ENE-1477 and AIC-B-2011-0806, MAT2011-26534.Peer Reviewe
Graphene growth on h-BN by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
The growth of single layer graphene nanometer size domains by solid carbon
source molecular beam epitaxy on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes is
demonstrated. Formation of single-layer graphene is clearly apparent in Raman
spectra which display sharp optical phonon bands. Atomic-force microscope
images and Raman maps reveal that the graphene grown depends on the surface
morphology of the h-BN substrates. The growth is governed by the high mobility
of the carbon atoms on the h-BN surface, in a manner that is consistent with
van der Waals epitaxy. The successful growth of graphene layers depends on the
substrate temperature, but is independent of the incident flux of carbon atoms.Comment: Solid State Communications, 201
Molecular beam growth of graphene nanocrystals on dielectric substrates
We demonstrate the growth of graphene nanocrystals by molecular beam methods
that employ a solid carbon source, and that can be used on a diverse class of
large area dielectric substrates. Characterization by Raman and Near Edge X-ray
Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopies reveal a sp2 hybridized hexagonal
carbon lattice in the nanocrystals. Lower growth rates favor the formation of
higher quality, larger size multi-layer graphene crystallites on all
investigated substrates. The surface morphology is determined by the roughness
of the underlying substrate and graphitic monolayer steps are observed by
ambient scanning tunneling microscopy.Comment: Accepted in Carbon; Discussion section added; 20 pages, 6 figures (1
updated
Optical detection of charge redistribution in a delta modulation-doped GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterojunction
We have investigated magnetically-induced charge redistribution within a delta modulation-doped GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterojunction structure by studying the photoluminescence due to electrons from the two-dimensional(2D) electron system recombining with photoexcited holes. At well defined values of magnetic field, charge transfer occurs between this 2D electron system and the V-shaped potential well formed in the AlxGa1-xAs by Si delta modulation-doping. This redistribution of charge is observed as discontinuities in the photoluminescence energies. From these measurements we have derived the characteristic transfer time for electrons to move between these two wells
Exceptionally large migration length of carbon and topographically-facilitated self-limiting molecular beam epitaxial growth of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
We demonstrate growth of single-layer graphene (SLG) on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by molecular
beam epitaxy (MBE), only limited in area by the finite size of the h-BN flakes. Using atomic force microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy, we show that for growth over a wide range of temperatures
(500 C e 1000 C) the deposited carbon atoms spill off the edge of the h-BN flakes. We attribute this
spillage to the very high mobility of the carbon atoms on the BN basal plane, consistent with van der
Waals MBE. The h-BN flakes vary in size from 30 mm to 100 mm, thus demonstrating that the migration
length of carbon atoms on h-BN is greater than 100 mm. When sufficient carbon is supplied to
compensate for this loss, which is largely due to this fast migration of the carbon atoms to and off the
edges of the h-BN flake, we find that the best growth temperature for MBE SLG on h-BN is ~950 C. Selflimiting graphene growth appears to be facilitated by topographic h-BN surface features: We have
thereby grown MBE self-limited SLG on an h-BN ridge. This opens up future avenues for precisely tailored
fabrication of nano- and hetero-structures on pre-patterned h-BN surfaces for device applications.This work is supported by ONR (N000140610138 and Graphene
MURI), AFOSR (FA9550-11-1-0010), EFRC Center for Re-Defining
Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control (award
DE-SC0001085), NSF (CHE-0641523), NYSTAR and Spanish Government (AIC-B-2011-0806, MAT2014-54231, MAT2015-67021-R).
S.W. and A.P. were supported by the US Department of Energy
Office of Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering
(award DE-SC0010695).Peer reviewe